Device for sterilizing milk and method for sterilizing milk

专利摘要:
The invention relates to a device and method for sterilizing milk from livestock such as cows, sheep or goats. The specific feature of the invention is that, prior to irradiation with UV-C light through a light-translucent barrier, the milk is homogenized as the milk is subjected to ultrasound and that the milk is subjected to an electric field at the same time or subsequently, preferably a field of writing polarity, where polarity shifts and field strength are chosen so that the milk in the electric field is heated due to the resistance of the milk.
公开号:DK201870236A1
申请号:DKP201870236
申请日:2018-04-20
公开日:2019-04-24
发明作者:Pedersen Brian
申请人:Calvex A/S；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Apparatus for sterilizing milk and method for sterilizing milk.
The invention involves two machines constructed of relatively the same technologies for the treatment of non-transparent liquids.
One machine is designed to harm bacteria in raw milk and the other is designed to harm bacteria in tank milk. Both machines use techniques that ensure minimal destruction of important constituents and minimal effect on the molecular structure. In both machines, the techniques used will ensure that the milk and / or colostrum get as gentle and effective a treatment as possible.
Both the quality and density of colostrum vary widely from milking to milking, from animal to animal, and from herd to herd. This means that there are some completely different requirements for equipment that must treat colostrum than for equipment that processes ordinary colostrum. Therefore, for example, thicker hoses and possibly greater pressure are required to pass the colostrum through a treatment plant.
Raw milk or colostrum (defined as the milk the cow produces up to 72 hours after calving) cannot be delivered to the dairy, and is therefore in principle worthless to the milk producer. The calf usually drinks 4-8 liters out of the number of liters the cow produces during this period. The very first milk contains more than 250 proteins and antibodies, all with the purpose - by nature - to strengthen the calf against disease. In the first critical hours (about 10 hours) after the calf is born, the calf converts the antibodies, forming the parts of the immune system with which it is not born. Within a few days after calving, milk production in the cow's udder slowly changes back to the milk we humans commonly consume.
DK 2018 70236 A1
Scientific experiments conducted over the past decades in medical laboratories and universities around the world have shown that the immune and growth substances in cow's colostrum are identical to those of human breast milk. Just the cow's colostrum is 40 times richer in immune substances than human. This means that the good properties of cow's cow's milk can have an effective effect on humans both externally and internally. Many companies specialize in producing the best products for internal use, and others have started using raw milk for cosmetic products. The good properties of raw milk have proven to be directly used by humans, thus strengthening our gastrointestinal system and the skin's surface.
Thus, throughout the following application, the term '' milk '' will be used as a common term for milk and colostrum, treated or untreated. The terms '' colostrum '' or '' colostrum '' are used for the particular milk produced by the mother animal for the period up to calving. If it is to be emphasized that the milk in question does not contain colostrum, the term '' tank milk '' is used, as this is the milked milk which is on the way to or stored in a tank on the holding until it is collected for delivery to a dairy.
The technologies used by the invention are particularly important for the treatment of colostrum, as portions of this viscous fluid tend to accumulate in fat lumps, but upon exposure to mechanical stress, it becomes more uniform and fats more evenly distributed.
These technologies are included in the two machines, each of which can replace the original way of pasteurizing, which is both energy and time consuming. In addition, not all hardy bacteria are common
GB 2018 70236 A1 pasteurization process can remove and also ordinary pasteurization technology is quite resource intensive.
Colostrum and tank milk can, in principle, be treated with the same machinery, but it is preferred that a tank is used for tank milk, which is arranged as a flow-through apparatus, where finished milk is sent directly to storage tank or other processing. In the treatment of colostrum, a machine is used that holds the processed milk in a local tank so that the raw milk is not mixed with the rest of the milk produced from a milk herd. At the same time, it must be taken into account that colostrum is more viscous and therefore requires higher pumping capacity and / or thicker hoses.
The prior art comprises ordinary pasteurization, where there are typically two technologies:
1. Heat milk / colostrum to 60 - 63 degrees Celsius for 30-60 minutes
2. UHT (Ultra High Treatment) where milk / colostrum is heated to 72 degrees Celsius
The disadvantages of these known methods are respectively:
1. Consume a lot of energy (power and water) and time,
2. In colostrum as well as in tank milk, the known method destroys all antibodies at 72 degrees Celsius, and since these substances are incredibly important for the calves to build the best immune system and increase production ability later, this is a major drawback by the prior art. In addition to this, due to the high heat, the (UHT) method creates molecular changes in all milk which changes the taste / aroma and thus reduces the sales value for consumption.
The advantages of the new technique are that the combination of sterilization measures ensures a high degree of sterilization without the milk getting too high in
DK 2018 70236 A1 temperature, thereby preserving the fluid content of proteins and antibodies intact. At the same time, energy consumption per kg of treated milk far less using the technique of the invention.
Sterilization is a process that can harm and inactivate living organisms in food. Pasteurization is a process that reduces the number of foreign organisms in food. This is typically done, as already explained in the text through aim pasteurization or UHT treatment. Both methods are typically conducted at high heat, which will at the same time damage the many beneficial ingredients in the liquid.
The invention thus relates to a device for sterilizing milk which comprises a light translucent barrier having a first surface along which the milk flows and an opposing surface, providing at the opposite surface a light source emitting light of a predetermined wavelength which is within the wavelength. the range 222 nm to 282 nm, preferably the range 253nm - 254 nm.
The light source may be surrounded by a translucent sheath, such as the glass tube in a fluorescent tube or the glass enclosing the filament in an incandescent lamp. There may also be other light-producing techniques surrounded by a protective glass case. Taken together, such an arrangement is referred to as a light emitter.
Hereby, the milk which lies at the light-translucent barrier will be exposed to the light from the light source, as this permeates the light-translucent barrier, and possible harmful microorganisms in this milk will be damaged and subsequently can no longer function or multiply.
DK 2018 70236 A1
The wavelength is chosen so that the detrimental effect on the microorganisms is greatest, and here it has been found that a wavelength of approx. 254nm is most harmful to microorganisms.
The light-translucent barrier comprises a tube with an internal clearing and an inner surface along which the milk flows and an external surface where the device also comprises a pump adapted to send the milk from a treatment vessel and through the inside of the tube at a certain flow rate.
This part of the system is called a reactor. Here, the milk is pressed through the hose using a pressure between 4-17 bar, while simultaneously illuminated with the mentioned UV-C light from all sides for optimal illumination of the milk. This combination of flow through a light translucent hose, pressure and light provides the effective damaging effect on the bacteria in the milk.
The tubing is in a suitable configuration wound in helical formation around a light source, so that the continuous curvature of the tubing, together with the flow rate that the pump imparts to the milk through the tubing, ensures a flow through the tubing, whereby milk portions near the inner surface of the tubing are constantly replaced with the tubing middle parts. .
For this purpose, an elongated light source is used which spreads the light evenly in all radial directions away from a center line. Several light sources can be used with each hose winding, and between these there are conveniently located light sources without hose winding. The individual winding thus receives both radiation from the center around which the winding extends and from the outside, so that the hose is illuminated approximately uniformly along its entire external surface. The continuous curvature of the hose helps to ensure that the milk is constantly replaced at the inside of the hose.
DK 2018 70236 A1 with milk parts at the center of the hose, whereby the flow in the hose is thereby imparted a flow component across the pressure drop direction from the pump towards the outlet of the hose. This ensures that all parts of the milk are irradiated equally at the passage through the tube, which contributes to the most possible effect of the microorganisms on the light effect.
Conveniently, the hose consists of FEP, which is short for Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene. The hose also has a circular cross section. The length and cross-sectional area of the hose are such that the larger the cross-sectional area, the longer the hose must extend in the illuminated area to ensure that all milk parts are adequately illuminated.
The non-transparent liquid which here is tank milk or colostrum from, for example, cows, goats or sheep homogenizes through ultrasound by means of a transducer, while maintaining the temperature of the liquid through tempering and then exposing the milk to Ohmic Heating while maintaining an appropriate but not too high temperature.
The technology can in principle be used for milk from any livestock, and it should be mentioned that milking horses in certain parts of the world is made for human consumption and here the technique could also be used.
Conveniently, according to the invention there is also provided a set of electrically conductive electrodes for applying the milk between the electrodes a predetermined average electric current density through a voltage difference between the electrodes.
The advantage of this is the increased efficiency since through heating via ohmic heating one can heat directly on the milk and thereby also get the greatest benefit from the added power. This is in comparison to prior art,
DK 2018 70236 A1 where, for example, heat exchangers or hot steam are used for heating, whereby stains and coatings on heat exchanger surfaces are difficult to avoid.
It is also advantageous if the electrodes are arranged as surface electrodes or grating electrodes. Particular grating electrodes allow the milk to easily circulate in and out of the gap between the electrodes.
Thus, in the ohmic heating system, the electrodes are connected to a voltage source adapted to apply to the electrodes either a varying and varying voltage difference or a uniform voltage difference. It is preferred to use a changing and varying voltage difference, for example an ordinary alternating voltage which is relatively easy to generate from the electric power of the mains, for example to obtain a harmonic voltage variation with a suitably high voltage difference between the electrodes and a suitable frequency. The frequency will then most easily correspond to the frequency of the mains, which in Denmark is 50Hz, but also in countries with frequencies and voltage levels that vary from this, the device can operate with little or no modifications.
Frequency and voltage difference must be adjusted to the physical design of the chosen electrode set and the distance between the electrodes, so that the distance between the electrodes and the conductivity of the milk at the selected mean voltage and frequency will ensure controlled heating of the milk without any electric discharges or shock cooking occurring. be destructive to the milk's content of beneficial antibodies and other protein compounds. Other types of voltage differences between the electrodes are possible, but it is essential that a mean current density in the liquid between the electrodes be maintained over a certain time to ensure a rise in temperature in the liquid.
DK 2018 70236 A1
Ohmic heating is thus a way of heating the liquid by exposing the liquid to the direct effect of an electric current, by applying voltage to electrodes immersed in the liquid, so that the liquid is used as a heating body where the conductivity of the liquid is utilized. The advantage here is that the bacteria can be stressed by both receiving electricity that stresses the microorganisms and heat. Ie The two main reasons for using this technology are heat and stress.
This is typically used for two more electrodes. However, multi-electrode systems can be easily established.
It is preferred that the current is AC ie Alternating Current or on Danish alternating current.
It is noted that direct current (DC: direct current) can be used for this purpose, but it requires a different type of electrode, and the results in relation to harmful effects against bacteria are less well documented. It is therefore preferable to use AC.
It is further provided that the device has one or more ultrasonic transducers adapted to apply to the milk an ultrasonic field having a predefined field strength and frequency composition to ensure separation of clumped protein and fat portions of the milk. This ensures that the milk is homogenized. It is important that the homogenisation is carried out prior to the irradiation with UV light and heating as otherwise agglomerates or clumped milk fat or milk proteins may be present in centers where microorganisms may be present. These are not heated properly, nor are they exposed to light. It is preferred that the device has a vessel in which the electrodes for ohmic heating are disposed at the bottom while also providing the tub ultrasound
DK 2018 70236 A1 through the same bottom. Consequently, the ultrasonic transducers may conveniently be placed below the bottom of the tub with primary field of action upward through the bottom of the tub and into the milk here. It allows for simultaneous influence of ohmic heating and ultrasonic field. Of course, ultrasound can also be fed into the milk from the sides, or via immersed ultrasonic generators. It should be further noted that grating electrodes for ohmic heating, arranged with their extension plane parallel to the bottom of the tub, will allow the ultrasound to pass through the many apertures defined by the grating.
During homogenization, it happens that the larger lumps of milk in the milk are uniform and this is important as some of the bacteria can be stored inside these lumps and can be difficult to treat when the variation of the size of the lumps is as large as is the case for milk and raw milk. / colostrum from cows, goats, sheep and other livestock. The larger these lumps are, the harder it is for the heat to penetrate into the areas where these bacteria are located. The treatment is easy and simple, in addition, the ultrasound stresses the bacteria in unified form, which strengthens the pasteurization.
The invention also relates to a method for sterilizing milk from livestock. The milk can come from any livestock that is milked for food production, medicine production, animal feed production or cosmetic products. After processing, the milk can also be further processed into more specialized technical products such as paints, casein or other technical products used in industry or household. In the process, the milk is exposed to radiation with light through the light-translucent barrier, causing the milk to flow along the barrier.
Thus, the process ensures a milk which is essentially free of viable microorganisms and whose shelf life is thus strong
DK 2018 70236 A1 improved. Thus, for example, the milk can be frozen for later use only after the end of treatment. This is especially important when the method is used on colostrum, as it allows the milk to be distributed from mother animals with particularly high antibody proportions in the milk to a larger number of newborns and not just the mother's own offspring. In particular, when newborn animals are born at varying times throughout the year, the importance of being able to freeze and thaw colostrum without the emergence of microorganisms is significant. But the method is also applicable in the case of ordinary human milk, where after the treatment is completed, it is sent for cooling in the company's tank plant, and here, as well as subsequently in a dairy, can be better stored without significant emergence of microorganisms.
In the process, the milk is also subjected to ultrasound prior to the irradiation with UV-C Light, the milk being exposed to an electric field at or after the homogenisation, preferably a field of writing polarity, where polarity shifts and field strength are chosen so that the milk in the electric field is heated due to the resistance of the milk.
The ultrasound effect ensures that agglomerates in the milk dissolve and thereby the milk becomes more uniform, and lumps of fats in the milk will then not function as places where microorganisms are protected from the effect of subsequent radiation. The current effect of the milk on the one hand will raise the temperature and on the other hand have a more direct harmful effect on microorganisms.
The process further comprises heating or cooling the milk during treatment to a predetermined temperature range, to ensure optimal sterilization and to ensure that the milk's proteins are not degraded. Due to treatment with ultrasound, ohmic heating and light, a temperature range which is lower than what is otherwise prescribed can be chosen.
DK 2018 70236 A1 can effectively harm a significant part of the microorganisms that may be present in the milk.
In the process, the milk is passed through a treatment vessel, and here it is subjected to current and heat resistance and ultrasonic resistance, the milk being sent via a pump from the vessel and through a transparent tube, spirally wound around a light source, and then the milk is passed through a metal tubes, the two tubes being immersed in a tempering vessel maintaining a constant temperature. This ensures an effective combination of the effects of ultrasound, heating with electric current, exposure to light with UV light and heating to a temperature range. Depending on the requirements for the shelf life and the protection of the milk's proteins and antibodies, the temperature range in the final step and the effect of the other effects can be determined.
According to the method, the milk is returned to the vessel after the treatment with light and after passage of the metal tube. From here, the milk can now be sent to another form of treatment or storage. This embodiment of the method is particularly suitable for the collection and treatment of colostrum, and the apparatus of the method is therefore suitably mobile, so that it can be taken, for example, to the milking site where, for example, a cow has recently calved.
However, it is relatively easy to insert the device for carrying out the process in a milking plant so that all milk is sent through the device in connection with the milking and before the milk is sent to the holding tank plant.
The invention also relates to the use of the device as described above, where the milk is fed to the device directly after milking and where the milk is sent to the receiving unit after treatment, such as
DK 2018 70236 A1 storage tank or transport truck or for feed for offspring after the milked animals. In such use, offspring of maternal animals which, for one reason or another, cannot supply colostrum, can receive colostrum from another maternal animal. In addition, any milk that runs through the device can be stored better without losing its quality.
The process is far more gentle and faster than the traditional methods, and here it is considered that the spiral reactor has the greatest effect on the milk. It should be noted that bacteria and antibodies in the milk are both made up of proteins and it is therefore difficult to heat the milk to destroy bacteria without damaging the antibodies. By combining the various influences mentioned: ultrasound and ohmic heating and subsequent radiation, we have managed to find a way out of the dilemma, so that bacterial culture in the milk is damaged so much that propagation is no longer possible, while the antibodies do not significantly change structure or otherwise render inactive.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows in schematic form the passage of milk through the device 100 with return flow to the processing vessel 13,
FIG. 2 shows the same device 100, but without return,
FIG. 3 is a 3D view of an example of a device 100 from the outside containing the necessary components of the milk processing device;
FIG. 4 is the plant of FIG. 3 shown without exterior walls,
FIG. 5 shows the central parts of the system of FIG. 4
FIG. 6 shows an enlarged section of the same view as in FIG. 5, where the treatment vessel 13 is not shown so that the electrodes 24 for ohmic heating are
DK 2018 70236 A1 visible,
FIG. 7, 8 and 9 each show an alternate course for a hose 4 with an internal flow of milk, which is exposed to illumination on the outside,
FIG. 10 is a reactor with alternately wound and unwound light emitters and associated light sources 23 located in a circular formation inside a cylindrical reactor 17 and
FIG. 11 is an enlarged sectional view of FIG. 7, where the cross-section and thickness of the hose 4 become visible.
In FIG. 1 shows in schematic form a device 100 according to the invention, with a treatment vessel 13 for both resistance heating and ultrasonic treatment. The treatment vessel 13 is connected via hoses 4 and a pump 16 to a so-called reactor 9, where the milk is subjected to further exposure in the form of irradiation with UV light and at the same time is subjected to a predetermined thermal effect. In a specific case, the treatment vessel is sized to 150mm * 150mm * 60mm. Vessels that are smaller yet have hardly any practical utility in dairy herds. The reactor 9 comprises an elongated light source 23 over which a transparent polymer hose 4 is wound in helical form 10. For the hose 4, the following dimensions can be used: 1.5 to 20 mm in diameter and 5 m to 200 meters in length. The hose is manufactured in FEP. The hose has a passage wrapped around the light source 23 to receive the light therefrom, but which, in the illustrated embodiment, also has associated parts 4 which are not wound, but merely serve to transport the milk to and from the pump, and to and / or from the coil winding 10. The following is referred to the coiled tubing 10 when the discussion concerns the use of the tubing for the irradiation of the milk.
The reactor 9 further comprises a UV-C transparent liquid 30 surrounding the tubing and the UV-C light source 23, as well as a spiral wound tube 20 in metal. The liquid 30 is maintained at a constant temperature via suitable means thereof (not shown in Figures 1 and 2) such as, for example, a refrigeration compressor and / or electric
DK 2018 70236 A1 heater. A container 32 is arranged to contain the liquid 30, the light source 23 as well as both transparent spiral wound hose 10 and spiral wound metal pipe 20. In FIG. 1 and 2 are also indicated a surface 31 of the transparent liquid 30, but the container 32 may also be a closed container which is completely filled with the liquid 30. The liquid is suitably constituted by water, but may comprise other UV-C transparent liquids. Due to the material, the helical tube 10 is able to withstand the temperatures to which it is subjected during treatment without taking any damage. At the same time, it has a good UV-C transparency, so that UV-C light from the light sensor 23 penetrates the tube material without attenuating and hits the milk flowing through the inner tube 5. The arrows 35 for marking the forward direction of the milk are added. 1 and FIG. 2.
The hose material is also food approved and must be used during food production.
The alternative to the preferred hose material may be quartz glass tubes (not shown), as well as other UV-C transparent materials, but since these are expensive in comparison to the polymer material of choice, they are not attractive at their current price.
Alternatives here require that it has a good UV-C transparency and can be processed into pipes. So far, the material used is the only one that has been sufficiently UV-C transparent. Even household films barely let any UV-C light through. Therefore, the requirement for this material is great in relation to the amount of UV-C that it passes through as it is used to treat the liquid.
Depending on the consistency of the milk (thin liquid or more low viscous tank milk or the viscous more high viscous colostrum or colostrum) is
The pressure, or more correctly, the drop in pressure between the inlet end of the tube 4 and its outlet, which forces the milk around in a spiral or other formation, whereby the milk is distributed to the inner surface 6 of the tube 4 where the milk is exposed to UV. C the light around the entire 4 perimeter of the hose. This is especially important because milk is generally not very UV-C transparent.
By circulating in a helical tube 10, a laminar flow can be obtained with transverse flow components which ensure that the milk flowing along the inner surface 6 of the tube 4 is constantly changed. This is considered an important prerequisite for getting the full effect of the UV-C light sensor, since the penetration depth of UV-C in milk is as low as it is.
If the transverse flow component is not present, milk parts at the inner surface of the hose will not be replaced in the same way, and thus the non-UV-C transparent milk in the central parts of the hose 4 near its center line 8 will not be adequately illuminated.
The transparent tube 4 of the reactor is formed in a spiral or spiral-like course 10, and the effect of the flow, via the tube's guide in circular windings in a spiral 10, is that the milk will rotate and eject to the inner surface 6 of the tube when pressure drop is applied. from inlet to outlet.
To apply a pressure, the pump 16 is placed near the treatment vessel 13. The pressure is applied for the purpose of passing the milk through the system and the pressure ensures that there is sufficient enough velocity for the fluid to have frequent replacement along the inner surface of the tube 6. if not pressed, none of these elements will occur and the treatment will be insufficient as only a small portion of the milk is then exposed to the UV-C light, namely the part which is close to the inner surface 6 of the tube and this
DK 2018 70236 A1 milk may therefore be at risk of being burnt or destroyed. That is, the milk's proteins and fat due to sustained irradiation with UV-C light will initiate curing and / or rancid processes which completely change the milk's taste, texture and odor to make it unfit for human and animal consumption.
When the milk is passed through the hose 4 due to a suitable pressure drop from the inlet to the outlet end, flow fractions will occur across the longitudinal direction of the hose due to friction between the milk and the inner surface of the hose, where the transverse flow component can be amplified by passing the hose non-linearly over a longer piece, such as, for example, by passing the hose 4 in helical shape 10, with spiral windings in circularly close form, so that the assembled hose spiral covers a cylinder shape as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2nd
Thus, the treatment in reactor 9 comprises irradiating the milk with short-wave radiation to affect bacteria, as these rays have a bacterial inhibitory and direct destructive effect on bacteria.
In the professional literature, the wavelength range is specified in which the bacterial inhibitory effect will be present, namely between 222nm and 282nm [L Christen et al, Jan 2013]. Thus, it has been proven that UV-C light in this wavelength range can treat and damaging hardy bacteria such as E-coli. But 254nm or more precisely: 253.7nm, is the wavelength that causes the most damage to the bacteria and thus can best be included as part of the pasteurization process. The surrounding wavelengths will not have the same effective effect, but still have an effect.
It is preferred that the distance between the light source and the milk is as small as possible in relation to the energy saving at and with the distance, due to the
DK 2018 70236 A1 dispersion also determines how much radiation energy does not hit and penetrates through the light-translucent barrier 1, which constitutes the hose 4 thickness.
Curvature radii may vary with respect to the light source and the desire for turbulence or flow components across the longitudinal direction of the tubing, however, an inside radius of curvature of approx. 45 mm. Other alternatives could be anything from 20mm to 600mm.
Sending the milk through a transparent tube and illuminating it from the outside is one way of ensuring that all milk is illuminated equally. Other methods include shaking, drumming, stirring and centrifugation, with each of these methods being able to choose between stationary light sources and flowing milk, or light sources moved relative to a given amount of milk, for example immersed herein. By exposing the milk to such influences with simultaneous proximity to the UV-C light source, a similar effect can be obtained.
It is preferred as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 6, that the hose 4 is wrapped around a quartz glass tube containing a light emitter, the tube holding both the hose 4 and the light emitter. Thus, the quartz glass tube and the light emitter incorporated herein constitute the light source 23.
Alternatives to this are that the hose 4 and the light sensor are fixed in another way, for example, saving on the material if the quartz glass tube is omitted and the light source and hose are fixed relative to each other without the use of quartz glass tubes.
It is important that the hose 4 is exposed to the light both externally in relation to the coil winding 10 and internally. Internally, the exposure is optimal in the example of Figures 1 and 2 due to the shape of the coil
DK 2018 70236 A1
10, which extends around the light source 23. Exterior of the coil winding 10, the larger surface to be covered can be accommodated by putting more light emitters 23 here to hit all points of the coil winding 10. An example of this is shown in FIG. 10, in which cylindrical light emitters 23 are provided externally with respect to helical windings 10, which rotate about each cylindrical light emitter 23. In total, such an arrangement can be placed in a cylindrical container 17, optionally. with an inner surface 18 reflecting the UV-C light, as outlined in FIG. 10th
There are many ways to set this up, however, requiring the tubing 4 to be guided in appropriate bends or in spiral form 10 and illuminated by the UV-C light. Here bays or the spiral shape helps to replace milk between areas near the inner surface of the hose and areas central to the hose, whereby all milk parts in the hose receive the same amount of light.
Some possible alternatives are shown here in Figs. 7.8 and 9, where Figs. 8 shows a possible flat course 11, a la the floor heating principle. However, this does not produce the same effect with regard to getting all milk parts equally illuminated when the tube is illuminated from the outside.
In FIG. 9, there is seen a snail shape 12 which provides similar advantages, but also disadvantages in that special measures are required to hold the hose 4 in place in the wound form, so that mass forces arising from the possible turbulence of the milk or merely laminar flow in the hose do not causes the snake to move uncontrollably.
In FIG. 7, there is shown a cone shape 19 which may be advantageous in the same manner as the cone shape 12 of FIG. 9, with the constantly changing radius of curvature, can help ensure transverse flow between the inner surface of the hose and central parts of the cross section.
DK 2018 70236 A1
There may be reflection of the light of the lamps through UV-C mirroring materials, as already discussed in FIG. 10, but this can in principle be realized in relation to any of the embodiments shown.
Pipes with built-in UV-C bulbs can be used, eg placed centrally in the pipe. This is not shown, but here the hose is thought to be replaced with a pipe, possibly. with an inner reflecting surface, and a centrally located cylindrical light source which spreads the light equally in all directions and where the milk is pumped longitudinally in an annular space between the light source and the surrounding tube.
In material selection for the separation between the light source and the milk, iron-poor glass is another option, but immediately it is FEP and quartz glass that provide the best UV-C transparency.
As seen in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in this embodiment of the invention, a coiled tube 20 is coupled to the coil 10 of the tube around the light source 23. This tube 20 is made of heat-conductive metal such as copper, stainless steel or aluminum, and is also immersed in the liquid contained in reactor. The liquid maintains a given temperature, and the coiled tube 20 helps ensure that the milk gets a minimum residence time at the prescribed temperature. And at the same time, a heat supply by either the lighting or the ohmic heating performed can be counteracted. Hereby a heating to, for example, not more than 60 degrees can be ensured or cooling of the milk to a lower temperature can be carried out, if this is desirable.
Ohmic heating is a way of heating the liquid by exposing it to the direct power of an electric current, by applying voltage to electrically conductive electrodes 24 immersed in the liquid, using the liquid or milk directly as the heating body, where
The conductivity or electrical resistance of the liquid is utilized. The advantage is that here the bacteria can be stressed by the fact that they receive both electricity and heat (have a stress effect). Ie The two main reasons for using this technology are heat and stress.
In FIG. 6, the two identical electrodes 24 used in this embodiment are used to apply the liquid between the electrodes to the desired electric field or voltage loss.
FIG. 1 and 2, the electrodes 24 for applying Ohmic Heating are shown, with treatment vessel 13 being plotted as transparent. A concrete configuration of the electrodes 24 is shown more clearly in FIG. 6, and here they have the shape of each bathing grid, placed parallel to each other with a predetermined distance between them. The sizes of the bath shelf shape may vary, but sizes such as 138 * 138 mm and a thickness of 2 mm are possible suitable dimensions. Alternatives are from 15 * 50 * 1mm to 600 * 600 * 6mm. The shape of the many holes allows the milk to circulate between the electrodes.
Conveniently, the electrodes are made of stainless material, for example steel according to, for example, standard 316, which ensures strength, processability and stainless steel.
Alternatives to this are platinum or other non-corrosive conductive surface, for example, gold-plated metal electrodes. Spacing between the electrodes is maintained with plastic caps 25 at a suitable distance from each other, e.g., as shown in FIG. 6 with a dip 25 in each corner of the electrodes 24. Other materials for these spacers are possible, for example, any non-conductive materials of suitable strength, for example ceramics. As mentioned, the thickness of the electrodes 24 and surface area can be varied, but as shown
GB 2018 70236 A1 simple grate provides certain advantages over manufacturing technology and maintenance.
At Ohmic Heating, there will be electrolysis of the water portion of milk, and thus small amounts of hydrogen and oxygen will be deposited in the milk. However, the quantities are so small that they have no practical or safety significance for the use of the plant.
For the stress of the bacteria, the alternative can be used a high voltage system (10-30 kV alternating voltage and a higher frequency range), but this has no or little heat generation and a completely different and costly technology must be used to get the same effect if the milk also should be heated, and the low-voltage system is therefore preferred.
The temperature to which the milk is subjected by ohmic heating and through the metal tube 20 in the reactor 9 is important to maintain a constant temperature in the system, as the consequence of rising above 60 degrees is that the milk is thereby switched off and in particular the many sensitive antibodies of the raw milk. and other proteins can take lasting damage. Tempering is necessary as both ohmic heating and UV-C lamps supply heat to the milk and thus require a better control of the temperature.
The current optimum temperature is 59 degrees Celsius, which is the temperature limit that can be used without damaging the colostrum in the system shown.
Alternatives can be from 3 degrees Celsius to 60 degrees in colostrum. 3 degrees Celsius to 74 degrees Celsius in regular milk. The higher the temperature used, the more efficient a temperature control is needed, as any temperature control can only ensure the temperature within a given accuracy.
DK 2018 70236 A1
The treatment vessel 13 shown in FIG. 4 is described in more detail here. The size of the tank shown is 430 x 350 x 40 mm. This size is chosen corresponding to the milk yield from a regular dairy farm in Denmark being able to run through the plant during milking. The effect of the selected targets here is that the volume of milk that can be passed through the system is 100L / hour. Smaller units will not make sense for dairy cattle. However, the size can be varied up to 600 * 600 * 600 mm, or larger depending on the quantity of milk that is being processed per day. unit of time.
In the treatment vessel 13, the milk is stored at the same time as the vessel 13 allows the milk to supply both Ohmic heating and ultrasound. In relation to ultrasound, the bottom 21 of the treatment vessel 13 is used as the speaker membrane for the ultrasonic transducer 15 producing the ultrasonic field.
The function of the tempering vessel 32 is to either heat or cool light emitters 4 and milk. This is done by maintaining the water at a constant temperature, so that the milk circulating in the hose 4,10 and through the spiral-wound metal tube 20 reaches the same temperature as the water, even if significant light sources 23 are emitted therefrom. In other words, the reactor 9 is embedded in the tempering vessel 32 as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5. Common means of maintaining a constant temperature in the water are used here, for example, heat exchanger or heater in combination with a cooling function. The water should be fairly clean, so it is UV transparent. Fluids other than water can be used, but the relatively high heat capacity of the water and UV transparency make it the preferred liquid. Appropriate thermosensors and an electronic control circuit or microcomputer may be used. for ensuring stable temperature when controlling heat conduction and / or cooling.
In FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the tempering vessel 32 between the storage vessel 14 and the treatment vessel 13 is not seen, since only the internal components of
DK 2018 70236 A1 tempering vessel 32 is visible. These comprise an elongated light source enclosed by a quartz glass tube wrapped with the tubing 4 in helical winding 10.
Effective temperature control, especially in the vicinity of the UV-C lamps, is important as they require an operating temperature of about 60 degrees, for optimum emission of radiation.
Ohmic heating is controlled via a transformer whereby the low-voltage electrodes in the milk are supplied with suitable voltage to obtain the desired current through the milk.
The ultrasonic transducers 15 are provided with a suitable electrical signal from a generator arranged for the purpose and here the intensity or volume / amplitude of the signal can be controlled via a suitable automatic control.
In FIG. 3, the device is shown from the outside, and here only a lid 26 with milk supply 27, and some other details are visible. However, the device may be mobile via mounted wheels (not shown) and has a display 28 so that a user may be informed of the device's operating condition and / or provide user input to the device.
FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 shows a number of ultrasonic transducers 15 and these are provided at the bottom of the treatment vessel 13. The transducers 15 are arranged to emit an ultrasonic field or an ultrasonic signal up through or through the bottom 21 of the treatment vessel 13 and into the milk here. Thus, the milk around and above the electrodes 24 will be subjected to a strong ultrasonic field.
In FIG. 4, pump 16 with associated motor is further seen.
DK 2018 70236 A1
Also shown is a flow control apparatus for temperature control 29, as well as various electronic components required to provide the necessary electrical power to both ultrasonic generators 15, light sources 23 and ohmic heating electrodes 24.
The temperature in the treatment vessel 13 is maintained or raised via an ordinary through-flow heater.
This is only intended to raise the temperature if cold milk comes through, as it must be at least 25 degrees for ohmic heating to have an effect.
The array of UV-C tubes 33 fits into tempering vessel 32 along with reactor 9. These tubes 33 are positioned so that even though the milk has passed through the reactor, it will still be able to post-treat the milk when present in the treatment vessel 13 (with ohmic heating and ultrasound) as the rays reach through and down the milk in the treatment vessel 13 and will have an effect here.
The UV-C treatment provides plenty of heat so heating is not required here. The main task is to re-cool the milk so that it does not overheat, which cooling element 29 can provide. Hoses, pipes and pumps between the various parts of the device 100 are not shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6th
The temperature is controlled through the multi-controller 34, the location of which is not critical, but conveniently it is arranged close to a user interface, for example, display 28. The multi-controller 34 contains: power supply, compressor for cooling and a cooling element.
The UV-C transparent liquid is fed from the tempering vessel 32 to
DK 2018 70236 A1 this multi-controller, where its temperature is adjusted up or down as needed and again.
The reference: [L Christen et al, Jan 2013] L Christen, C.T. Lai, B. Hartmann,
P.E. Hartmann, and D.T. Geddes, "Ultraviolet-C Irradiation: A Novel Pasteurization Method for Donor Human Milk," PLoS One, vol. 8, no. 6, p. E68120, Jan 2013 explains about sterilization of human milk.
DK 2018 70236 A1
Reference number:
Light translucent barrier
First surface of the light-translucent barrier
Opposite surface of the light-translucent barrier
Hose of polymer material
Internal illumination
Internal surface
Exterior surface
Center line for the hose
Reactor
Spiral hose
Flat course
snails Form
treatment multitudes
Storage multitudes
ultrasonic transducer
Pump
Cylinder-shaped container
Inner surface of cylindrical container
cone Form
Spiral twisted metal tube
Bottom of treatment vessels 13
Tempereringskarret
Light source
Electrically conductive electrodes
Plastikdupper
Lid
milk Intake
Display
Flow control apparatus for temperature control
UV-C transparent liquid
DK 2018 70236 A1
liquid Surface
Container and tempering vessel
Row of UV-C tubes
multi Management
35 Milk flow device arrow
100 Milk treatment device or plant

权利要求:
Claims (14)
[1]
Device (100) for sterilizing milk, characterized in that the device (100) comprises a light-translucent barrier (1) with a first surface (6) along which the milk flows and an opposite surface (3), at the opposite surface. (3) is provided a light source (23) that emits light of a predetermined wavelength, which wavelength is within the range of 222 nm to 282 nm, preferably 253 to 254 nm.
[2]
Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the light-transparent barrier (1) comprises a hose (4,10) with an inner liner (5) and an inner surface (6) along which the milk flows and an external surface (7) where the device (1) also comprises a pump (16) adapted to transmit the milk from a processing vessel (13) and through the inner tube (5) of the tube at a certain flow rate.
[3]
Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hose (4) is wound in coil formation (10) around a light source (23) such that the continuous curvature of the hose (10) together with the flow rate that the pump (16) imparts to the milk through the hose ( 10), ensures a flow through the hose (10) whereby milk parts near the inner surface (6) of the hose are constantly replaced with milk parts closer to a center line (8) of the hose.
[4]
Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the hose (4) has a circular cross section and is made of Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene.
[5]
Device according to claim 1, characterized in that there is also arranged
A set of electrically conductive electrodes (24) for applying the milk between the electrodes (24) a predetermined average electric current density through maintaining a voltage difference between the electrodes (24).
[6]
Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes (24) are arranged as surface electrodes or grating electrodes.
[7]
Device according to claim 5, characterized in that each electrode (24) is connected to a voltage source adapted to apply to the electrodes (24) either a varying and alternating voltage or a uniform voltage.
[8]
Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more ultrasonic transducers (15) are coupled to the device (100) for applying to the milk an ultrasonic field with a predetermined field strength and frequency composition, to ensure the separation of clumps. protein and fat portions of the milk.
[9]
Method for sterilizing milk from livestock such as cows, sheep or goats, characterized in that the milk after milking is irradiated with UV-C light through a light translucent barrier (1), which causes the milk to flow along the barrier.
[10]
Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the milk is subjected to ultrasonic homogenisation prior to irradiation and the milk is subjected to an electric field simultaneously with and / or subsequent ultrasonic homogenisation, preferably a field of written polarity, wherein polarity shifts and field strength are selected. that the milk in the electric field is heated due to the resistance of the milk.
DK 2018 70236 A1
[11]
Process according to claim 9, characterized in that the milk is heated or cooled during the treatment to a predetermined temperature range, to ensure optimal sterilization and to ensure that the milk's proteins are not degraded.
[12]
Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the milk is passed through a treatment vessel (13) and is subjected to current and consequent resistance heating and ultrasound, the milk being sent from the treatment vessel (13) via a pump (16) and through a UV-C transparent hose (4) wound in a spiral shape (10) around a light source (23) and thereafter passed through a metal tube, both the hose (4) and the metal tube being immersed in a tempering vessel (32) maintaining a constant temperature. .
[13]
Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the milk is returned to the treatment vessel (13) after the treatment with light and after passage of the metal tube.
[14]
Use of the device according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the milk is fed to the device directly after milking and that the milk after the treatment is sent to a receiving unit such as storage tank or transport truck or for feed for offspring after the milked animals.

类似技术:

---

公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题

---

RU2584587C2|2016-05-20|Device for milk processing

---

CA2778570C|2017-04-04|Apparatus for treating a fluid with microwave radiation

---

DK179805B1|2019-06-27|Device for sterilizing milk and method for sterilizing milk

---

Ochoa-Velasco et al.2020|Mathematical modeling used to evaluate the effect of UV-C light treatment on microorganisms in liquid foods

---

JP2011155841A|2011-08-18|Sterilizer for opaque liquid material

---

WO2019076413A1|2019-04-25|Process equipment for sterilizing non transparent fluids and a method for this

---

US3294063A|1966-12-27|Milk extraction, processing and packaging system

---

KR200409964Y1|2006-03-03|The liquefied egg sterilizing apparatus

---

DK154113B|1988-10-17|APPLIANCE FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF NEW MILK MILK

---

Chawla et al.2021|UV light application as a mean for disinfection applied in the dairy industry

---

RU2708989C1|2019-12-12|Microwave plant for mastitis milk pasteurisation

---

CN108308262A|2018-07-24|A kind of method for disinfection and sterilizing unit of citrus can

---

RU126901U1|2013-04-20|TECHNOLOGICAL LINE FOR PRODUCING FERRO-DAIRY PRODUCTS TYPE KUMYS

---

CN214854027U|2021-11-26|Egg content sterilization machine

---

CN106572671B|2021-09-17|Device for pasteurizing human milk

---

RU2415595C1|2011-04-10|Milk pasteurisation plant

---

CN208318148U|2019-01-04|A kind of wheat germ albumin oral solution fluid refreshment sterilizing unit

---

CN211185709U|2020-08-07|Dairy products processing is with holding vessel that disinfects

---

CN211020791U|2020-07-17|Sterilization machine for milk processing

---

CN113207948A|2021-08-06|Combined sterilization machine and method for fresh edible egg contents

---

US1686928A|1928-10-09|Bulb sterilizer

---

Jorgensen et al.2005|On-Farm Pasteurization of Milk for Calves

---

Rastimeshin et al.2018|Energy-Efficient Pasteurizer of Liquid Products Using IR and UV Radiation

---

RU2366347C1|2009-09-10|Water and fluid food media sterilisation method

---

JP3163922U|2010-11-04|Raw milk pasteurized hot water bath equipment for livestock

同族专利:

---

公开号 | 公开日

---

EP3697227A1|2020-08-26|

---

EP3697227A4|2021-07-21|

---

US20200323226A1|2020-10-15|

---

DK179805B1|2019-06-27|

引用文献:

---

公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

---

---

法律状态:
2019-04-24| PAT| Application published|Effective date: 20190417 |

---

2019-06-27| PME| Patent granted|Effective date: 20190627 |

优先权:

---

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

---

DKPA201770781|2017-10-16|

---

DKPA201770781|2017-10-16|EP18867512.8A| EP3697227A4|2017-10-16|2018-10-12|Process equipment for sterilizing non transparent fluids and a method for this|

---

PCT/DK2018/050253| WO2019076413A1|2017-10-16|2018-10-12|Process equipment for sterilizing non transparent fluids and a method for this|

---

US16/756,441| US20200323226A1|2017-10-16|2018-10-12|Process equipment for sterilizing non transparent fluids and a method for this|